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Post-Pandemic Problems

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A few years after the start of the pandemic, and a couple of years into “recovery”, scientists are still disentangeling the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns and exposure. For example, is there an uptick in autism screen positives when pregnant mothers fell ill? Were there diagnostic disparities based on co-morbid conditions? Did autistic people feel better over time during the pandemic? This week’s #ASFpodcast explores these questions using new longitudinal data sets designed to better understand the long term impacts of the pandemic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/39312236

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jar.13300

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39228920

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Following our trajectory

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Compared to other types of research, there are so few studies that look at three time points in the same person with autism over their live to better understand groups and predict outcomes. What is missing? What do families need? What’s there and what could be done differently to get at the answers that will help families? This week we talk to @StevenGentles from McMaster University who led a review of this research and what it will add to the science. You can read the article open access here: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/13623613231170280?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org

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attention attention…this is the INSAR 2023 summary

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Last week in Stockholm, Sweden, 2200 researchers and scientists working to understand and help those on the spectrum, met to share their most recent findings and exchange ideas. What were the main takeaways as ASF saw them? We cover why some autistic people don’t want genetics to be studied, how to better engage families with IDD and who are non-speaking, females, adults, international studies and yes, diversity. The program book was released a day before the meeting and can be found here: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.autism-insar.org/resource/resmgr/docs/annualmeeting/insar2023_program_book.pdf

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One key to better mental health: cognitive flexibility

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Stressful life events, among other things, affect autistics more than those who are typically developing. Why? What would cause this vulnerability? New studies suggest that cognitive inflexibility may be the key. Autistic people tend to have problems with cognitive flexibility. As a whole, they show problems with flexible thinking, changing direction and being adaptable to new situations. This is clearly tied to insistence on sameness, a core feature of ASD. Can anything help? Research needs to look at the link between improving cognitive flexibility and mental health, but in the meantime, there are things that can be done to improve skills in this area. Check out a few below.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36196666/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36113122/

https://researchautism.org/cognitive-flexibility-keeping-thinking-limber-and-flexible/
Cognitive Rigidity in Autism

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Is autism a yes/no diagnosis?

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This week’s podcast highlights a paper from the IBIS (infant brain imaging study) that tracks infants from 6 months to 5 years of age to examine how ASD symptoms cluster together. These infants either have a diagnosis or they don’t, or they have something which doesn’t meet diagnostic threshold but is still impairing in some way. Ignoring the actual diagnosis, if the data is clustered together around how symptoms present, what happens? What does that mean for some of the longest standing research findings in ASD? For example, using this new approach which ignores and actual diagnosis, are more males are diagnosed than females? As it turns out, it equals out these ratios. What does this mean? Listen to this week’s podcast to hear directly from the first author, Catherine Burrows!

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006322322013130?casa_token=ZFZpvnUOIBkAAAAA:G667QIkX_Vd6JPeWvIPABo1FPrdNL_3IiW-ajy7xR2Nme_I4ztOEf2xJ4FyhGHTMgrb8Lqq6Og

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Who cares about eye gaze?

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Early changes in eye gaze – or the time spent looking at another person’s face compared to the scene around them – is diminished in ASD. It starts to decline at about 12 months and is linked to later social communication behaviors. But many people wonder why this is an early developing behavior worth studying? Also, what happens in school age to kids that show poor eye gaze and infancy, and those who are on the “broader spectrum” but not a diagnosis in infancy – how do they fare at school age? Devon Gangi from UC Davis MIND Institute talks to us about both of these things and why baby siblings are so important

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33615438/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34008921/

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Super, Superb and Sensational Siblings

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Siblings of people on the spectrum, including autistic adults, are amazing. They support, advocate, fundraise, and now we know they actually have a direct influence on the outcome of their affected brother or sister. What’s that effect? When is it most obvious? Does gender or race matter? All of these questions will be answered by Nicole Rosen of UCLA on this week’s #ASFpodcast. And make sure to tune on on September 8th to or Sam’s Sibs Stick Together webinar. Info below.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34120483/

https://autismsciencefoundation.org/resources/sams-sibs-stick-together/
click here for a link to register for September 8th
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Let’s Get Some Physical Activity

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Everyone needs some physical activity, but people on the spectrum typically get less activity than those not diagnosed with ASD. Why? There are multiple reasons, but as it turns out it can’t all be blamed on the obvious culprit of increased screen time or video game use. Those can be reasons why teenagers get less activity, but not specifically those with ASD. Does physical activity help with ASD symptoms and features? Maybe a little. Different types of physical activity are discussed on this week’s ASF podcast.

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Sex differences: It’s not about the diagnostic measurements.

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A fresh take on an existing topic: why there are more boys diagnosed with ASD than girls. Even from a few months old, girls are different than boys, and they show subtle differences in toddlerhood. But at the time of diagnosis, they score the same on standardized instruments of ASD used to categorize someone as having ASD or not. This means it isn’t about the measures. It could be cultural factors, it could be a protective effect, but there needs to be a better understanding of these differences across the lifespan to help everyone with ASD, especially females.

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/retrieve/pii/S096098222030419X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS096098222030419X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04526-z

https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13242

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The 2019 Year End Summary

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What more appropriate podcast to end 2019 with than the summary of advances of scientific research of autism spectrum disorders?   The SAB of ASF and the CSO categorized the highlights in science into 8 categories which are outlined in this 30 minute podcast.  You can also read them on the ASF website here.  Thank you for listening to the ASF Weekly Science Podcast in 2019, and talk to you in 2020!