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Father of mine

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In recognition of Father’s Day on the 16th, today’s podcast includes the latest research on fathers. Fathers may often be the “secondary caregiver” but should hardly be dismissed as inconsequential. Father’s sensitivity and insightfulness plays an important part in development, psychiatric diagnoses (including autism) change the the chance of having a child with autism, and more understanding is being done on the heritable factors associated with chemical exposures in the father.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616734.2024.2326416

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059471/pdf/main.pdf

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What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger

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This week’s podcast explores new evidence that exercise produces longer term improvements in coordination and motor skills. Parents can play a big role in how these skills are developed over time. Physical exercise also has different effects on the brain in typically developing people than those with a diagnosis.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.2969

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.2977

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Sperm

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The title gets you, right? Well, on this week’s #ASFpodcast we report on a new study that examines epigenetic profiles of sperm and how they related to child outcomes. Do some of the marks on bio-dad’s sperm match to those found in kids with ASD? what about genes related to autism? Also, can parents be good proxies of their child’s intellectual ability? For the most part yes, but sometimes they tend to overestimate this ability. This means they are good, but not perfect reporters. How could they be if the child has a severe intellectual disability?

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37097835/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37100868/

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Tooth brushing: It’s not for sissies

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Parents or caregivers of children with ASD sometimes have a lot of difficulty helping their child brush their teeth. Parents and caregivers of children not on the spectrum have difficulty helping their child brush their teeth. By working with families on an individual level, coaching, encouraging and breaking down each of the steps of tooth brushing into something manageable, a group of Medicaid-eligible parents helped their children learn these skills on some level by the end of the study. Incredibly, 93% of parents who are trying to do it all with less, stayed in the program and felt more confident about their abilities. This study also used a randomized clinical trial design which compared the training and coaching with just those who got some toothbrushes and toothpastes in the mail. In this week’s #ASFpodcast, you get to hear from the leaders and the therapists who helped these families, what they did, and what worked. Join me with Dr. Eric Butter, Kelly Birmingham and Dr. Rachel Fenning to hear more about this study.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35211746/

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A 2022 Day of Learning Quickie

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This year’s Day of Learning was a huge success, with topics ranging from biological sex differences to mobile technologies all the way to the importance and documented value of leisure activities in people on the spectrum. the speakers included a discussion of the IACC, sex differences, the value of prevalence data, mobile technologies, leisure activities, and a recognition of two advocates who made or make a difference in families: Samantha Els and Suzanne Wright. Listen to this week’s podcast for a quickie, but don’t let it prevent you from watching the longer videos, a link to which can be found below

www.babynavigator.com

www.autismnavigator.com

Day of Learning
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Is Autism Inflammation Nation?

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Several studies have linked the immune system to autism, but how are they connected? Two new studies this week illustrate differences in immune function in those with a diagnosis compared to those without, and also find differences in the blood of of pregnant mothers who go on to have an autistic child. Women who go on to have autistic girls show higher levels and more inflammatory markers than mothers who go on to have boys, the finding of elevated IL1 is now a finding that has been replicated across countries. However, it’s too early to tell if this information can be used to help with a diagnosis and it’s probably not specific to autism. But the message is the same as it was before: getting sick during pregnancy is not great. Get vaccinated! Stay away from sick people and wash your hands.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35110990/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34987169/

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Parents! Parents! Parents!

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Parents are now used as intervention partners through a design called parent-mediated intervention. It started to be studied before the pandemic but has now become a necessity. Does it work? Should it always work for everything? How long should the intervention last and how often? These are all questions of interest, and while research is still early, parents can be amazing partners in intervention especially below age 5. The provide opportunities for learning and communication, and they can utilize more hours during the day at home than traditional in-clinic services can. Of course not every family is the same and may not have the same abilities to learn the intervention, and in the future more of these contextual factors need to be studied. But for now, three cheers for parents helping their kids!

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34867556/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35037520/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35040001/

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Eye gaze and real-life early detection tools: An interview with researchers from Duke

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What babies look at during development and how much time they spend looking at people vs things has received a lot of criticism from some advocates who feel scientists should be spending less time on differences and more on practical solutions. Those two concepts are getting closer and closer and our early understandings of early autism features are now turning into applications to help better and earlier identification of ASD. This week, we talk to Geri Dawson and George Chang at Duke University who used these findings to piloted an app on an iPad. This app shows early promise of being used in a pediatricians office to support faster referral of toddlers for services and intervention.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33900383/

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Potential of therapy cats, training for parents, and help for families of diverse backgrounds

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What do cats, the Developmental Check-In and parent training all have in common? They all have the documented potential to help children gain emotional skills, social skills, and receive earlier intervention. A small study shows the potential of a well-tempered cat in easing symptoms of autism. Parent training has been shown time and time again to improve functioning across different domains and a new screening tool based on visual scenarios has been validated in Hispanic populations. Thank you for listening this week!

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33290937/

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=33303635

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33287762/

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Autistic Black Lives Matter

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Racial and ethnic disparities in autism care is not new, the lower age of diagnosis and lack of care for these families have been reported for years. While they have always been unacceptable, in light of recent events, it’s time to reconsider what scientists should be doing about them. A systematic review identifies what is going on with regards to access to interventions and their efficacy. Another study successfully collaborates Part C Early Intervention providers to reach families of color to improve screening. And finally, researchers not even focused on autism provide a perspective on how far and wide this problem reaches. Autism Science Foundation maintains their commitment to working together with other organizations to eradicate these disparities once and for all.

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=32238530

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04429-z