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Which came first, ASD or sleep problems?

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People with autism have lots of problems, and sleep is one of them. This week’s podcast explores when these problems begin, which brain areas are involved, and how autism contributes to, or suffers from, lack of sleep. Does sleep make ASD worse or are ASD symptoms causing a sleep problems? It’s not a one way street, and the neurons that go to the wrong places at the wrong times which cause ASD, may also be contributing to lack of good sleep. References below:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33207724/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33184732/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32375538/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32140983/

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Help for those with minimal verbal ability

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On this week’s ASF weekly science podcast, we provide a recent review on influences of speech and language both in those with ASD who are verbally fluent, as those who have minimal verbal ability. What does the brain look like in those with minimal verbal ability and are there interventions to help improve social communication ability in those with not just minimal verbal ability but also cognitive disability? What are some early markers or behaviors that predict understanding and communicating? Listen to learn more.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32909382/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881387/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827357/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32812191/

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Families work hard for treatments

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Unfortunately, families hear more about what does work to help families with ASD rather than what does not work. But through the course of decades of research, scientific projects and hours of families participation, there is a better picture of what treatments are, and are not, helpful. This week’s podcast will review what drugs have shown to not be effective so far in treating restrictive and repetitive behaviors and also provides an update on umbilical cord blood stem cell transfusions on social communication behaviors.

https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(20)30334-6/pdf

https://jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(20)30265-3/pdf

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“ASADHD” – where does ASD and ADHD join together, and go their separate ways?

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One the surface, symptoms of ADHD and ASD may seem very similar.  However, they come from very different places.  The genetic and behavioral makeup may be on the same spectrum across the two disorders, but they are actually farther apart than you might think.  Dr. Meghan Miller from UC Davis MIND Institute who studies both ADHD and ASD and people with ADHD and ASD explains what those differences and similarities are, how to make the right diagnosis, and what’s on the horizon for treatments for ADHD in people with ASD.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974800

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30535156

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30658861

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This one’s for the girls

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In this week’s podcast, I semi-plagiarize from a recent summary of sex differences in ASD, written by Drs. Meng-Chuan Lai and Peter Szatmari from the University of Toronto.  They delve into why more males are diagnosed with females, and differences in the presentation of those features of ASD that differ between males and females.  These include camouflaging, differences in language style, differences based on behaviors determined by sex, and associated features like anxiety and internalizing behaviors.  Thank you to the authors for putting together the information in a way that makes sense.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31815760

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30962869

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Where superior ability crosses disability in ASD

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A study conducted by researchers at Yale this week revealed that while people with autism have disabilities in reading individual emotions, they have an unexpected amazing ability to understand and apply social rules to groups of people.  They understand social phenomena much better than those without. So how can this be?  Also, a new groundbreaking study shows scientists that there are changes in brain activity that are observed way before a diagnosis, which can change early detection and early intervention of ASD.

http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=31501348

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31519897