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This study is s**t

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You may have heard on the internet that a new “radical” treatment leads to a “50% reduction” in autism symptoms.  This radical treatment is fecal transplants, which is taking the bacteria from the feces from one person and putting them in another person.  This is a still experimental treatment, and while the microbiome should be researched more in regards to its relationship to autism, there might be a less invasive way to alter the microbiome which could stand up to the rigor of a well designed trial.  Also this week, new prevalence data on 4 year olds across multiple years.  Did it change across time, and is it different from 8 year olds, and why is this difference important?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30967657

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30973853

 

 

 

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The good and evil sides of technology use by autistics

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This year’s Day of Learning included two presentations on the use of technology among people with autism.  As it turns out, technology can be great.  In fact, a new study using Google Glass shows promise in improving socialization.  On the other hand, sometimes technology can have a downside.  People with autism spend more time than typical peers on their iPads, iPhones and other devices.  What could be wrong with that?  Well, problematic internet use is linked to autistic traits and to suicidality.  This link is NOT a clear line and obviously causes of suicide are multifactorial.  However, new data demonstrate that obsessive internet use is not making things better for people with ASD.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30934756

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30908423

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30907929

 

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Can IGF-1 treat autism symptoms? A clinical trial aims to find out

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A full transcript of this podcast episode can be read on the ASF blog here.

Researchers at Mount Sinai led by Alex Kolevzon are running a clinical trial of the compound insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for children with idiopathic autism. Dr. Kolevzon’s team previously demonstrated the safety and feasibility of IGF-1 in treating Phelan-McDermid syndrome, a single-gene form of autism. Particularly, the IGF-1 treatment improved symptoms of social impairment and repetitive behaviors, which are core symptoms of autism. Expanding their investigation into idiopathic autism, the researchers are working hard to make sure families can comfortably and knowledgeably participate in the clinical trial. Mahir Rahman spoke with Dr. Kolevzon about the study and where it hopes to go. Interested in joining the study? Go here to learn more.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4326443/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450831/

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Tristram Smith, 1961-2018

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Two weeks ago, the autism research community lost a pioneer, mentor and advocate for the autism community.  This podcast only highlights a portion of the enormous contribution he made to autism research and the impact his research had on families with ASD.  Also, two people that know him best, one of his current mentees, Suzannah Iadarola and his wife, Jennifer Katz, reflect on his dedication and commitment to families of all ages.  He will be missed.

 

Some of his more recent papers are here, although just a recent sampling of everything he contributed:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30101320

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30009626

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29458258

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What is happening in research around employment for people with ASD?

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This week, Melissa Scott from Curtin University, a partner in the international policy brief on employment for people with autism, discusses the first paper out of this collaboration:  a scoping review of the existing research out there on employment practices.  Surprisingly, there was one crucial element missing as a focus in all the intervention studies  –  the environment.  Dr. Scott discusses what else was learned from this scoping review, and how the findings can help people with autism not just obtain, but maintain employment, through constructive policy.   ASF is a proud partner on this policy brief, and Curtin University has been an amazing collaborator.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073870

 

 

 

 

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Classroom interventions that work

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Two studies came out recently which used a randomized design to show how interventions can be delivered in the classroom.  They both focused on making sure they were implemented properly and that teachers received the support they needed to help kids in the classroom.  It isn’t just about writing a manual, it’s about making sure teachers know how to deliver it.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29998740

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29939056

 

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Autism diagnosed in school age, and does early intervention make a difference?

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Thanks to a Facebook follower, this week’s podcast highlights a new systematic review on Early Intense Behavioral Intervention. This systematic review, however, is not different from one published 5 years ago, because the nature of early interventions have changed so much that they no longer fit into the same criteria. While the rankings are disappointing, the findings do not reflect the ways in which newer interventions are being selected, delivered and studied. Also, we always hear about early diagnosis helping with early intervention. But what about kids who are not diagnosed until they reach school age? They have a different profile of ASD and may be a different subgroup of autism altogether.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29742275

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29852752

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Clinical trials talk with Tom Frazier from Autism Speaks

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This week, a special surprise:  a conversation with Dr. Thomas Frazier, Chief Science Officer of Autism Speaks, on what is needed for better clinical trials for drug treatments for ASD, and what they are going to be doing to help move the science along.  Of course, the conversation hit on other topics, like disclosure of a diagnosis, sex differences, and some of the newest more exciting findings in autism research.

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Supporting the support staff, at least a first step

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Paid support staff are critical to helping individuals at all ages with autism.  Unfortunately, they are mostly poorly paid, and exhibit high levels of burnout.  What psychological constructs are most important, and can they be targeted for services to help provide better services for those with ASD?  As it turns out, more important than preventing burnout is building up psychological capital, which helps deal with the effects of burnout.  In addition, a new important feature of autism has been identified: intolerance to uncertainty.  Previously linked to ASD through anxiety, now it is shown to have direct connections to ASD diagnosis and symptomatology.  Is this a new core feature?

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Pregnant and concerned about autism? Folic acid can help.

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This week a bunch of new studies came out that focused on changes in probability of having a child with autism after folic acid consumption during pregnancy.  Moderate consumption folic acid and slightly elevated levels of plasma folate during pregnancy has now been shown in at least half a dozen scientific studies to reduce the chance of that child to be later diagnosed with autism.  This is not a prevention effect, but a reduction in probability.   There are enough studies on this question for a Chinese group to have organized them, put their data together, reanalyze them together and conclude that this is a real thing.  If this was an effect seen after say, drinking battery acid, maybe it might require more consideration to recommend to the community.  However, taking folic acid during pregnancy is something medical doctors are recommending pregnant women do anyway.

Want to learn more?  Here are the studies:

Swedish Study:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28978695

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ppe.12414/epdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5625821/pdf/13229_2017_Article_170.pdf

Denmark Study:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28946926